%sudo ALL=(ALL:ALL ) ALL – all users in the sudo group have the privileges to run any commandĪnother line of interest is #includedir /etc/sudoers.d, this means we can add configurations to the file sudoers.d and link it here.Anyone in the admin group has the same privileges as of root user %admin ALL=(ALL) ALL – the % sign specifies a group.root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL – this line means that the root user has unlimited privileges and can run any command on the system.So when you assign for example the read permissions for an object like a file to an user, the user have the privilege to read the file.Let’s look at some of the formats and rules to follow when editing sudoers: In contrast privileges are assigned permissions to an user or group. So permissions are bound directly to the resource/object. They define who is allowed to perform what actions on the object like read, modify, write or delete. Permissions are associated with resources/objects like files or folders for example. So in this case all users which are members in the google_sudoers group, will be granted root priviliges and because of the NOPASSWD:ALL entry they didn’t even need to enter their password for executing the sudo command.īesides after all that privileges and permissions stuff, in case you wonder where exactly is the difference between privileges and permissions, in a nutshell below. In my case no further file with privileges will be included and in the directory just the README file is present.īelow is a nice example for a Google Cloud Linux VM instance, where the users or groups will not be added directly to the sudo group in the /etc/sudoers file but instead a group named google_sudoers will be granted root privileges by using a separate file also named google_sudoers in the /etc/sudoers.d directory. Here also all files present in the directory /etc/sudoers.d will be included. When checking the sudoers file for privileges you also have to check the directives at the end of the file and screenshot as shown above. NOPASSWD:ALL means that members can execute commands without prompted for password. The google-sudoers group is granted root permission so that members can execute all commands by using the sudo command. %google-sudoers ALL=(ALL:ALL) NOPASSWD:ALLįurther down I will show an example of a sudoers file from a Google Cloud Linux VM instance, they will include that privilege.(ALL:ALL) means that members of the group can execute all commands for each user and each group on the system. The sudo group is granted root permission so that members can execute all commands by using the sudo command. The admin group has been deprecated and no longer exists since Ubuntu 12.04 and is just for backwards compatibility included here. A group is defined here by using the % symbol as prefix. The admin group is granted root permission. The root user can execute all commands by using sudo even not necessary for most commands besides for example user impersonation. To list all groups the user is member of.įurther you can also directly check the sudoers file to which users or groups are root priviliges been granted. To determine which users or groups are member of the sudo group, you can use the following commands. The program may be configured to require a password. The /etc/sudoers file contains a list of users or user groups with permission to execute a subset of commands while having the privileges of the root user or another specified user. The current Linux manual pages for su define it as substitute user, making the correct meaning of sudo substitute user, do, because sudo can run a command as other users as well. It originally stood for superuser do, as that was all it did, and it is its most common usage however, the official Sudo project page lists it as su do. Sudo is a program for Unix-like computer operating systems that enables users to run programs with the security privileges of another user, by default the superuser. The file will grant priviliges to users and groups what commands they allowed to execute by using the sudo command on the system. Below I will summarize some information about the Linux sudoers file.
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